Hazel Schmoll

Ward, Colorado Resident  1890 - 1990

 

 

 

 

 Hazel Marguerite Schmoll

 

  

Perhaps the most well-known resident of Ward is Hazel Marguerite Schmoll, Ph.D, a member of the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, who passed  away in 1990.  

 

Hazel worked as Colorado state botanist in the 1930's, surveying and documenting the state's plant life. She began her botanical study of the Chimney Rock Archaeological Area in 1932 and identified 304 species on this site.  Astragalus schmolliae, Schmoll's Milk-vetch known in Chapin Mesa in Mesa Verde National Park and the Ute Mountain Reservation in Montezuma County, Colorado was named for her. 

 

Hazel was instrumental in the passing of the bill which named the Columbine as Colorado state  flower and which led to its protection. 

 

Hazel graduated from the 8th grade at the Ward School, received a degree in botany from the University of Colorado in 1913, taught at Vassar College in New York, and was the first women at the University of Chicago to obtain a doctorate in botany (she referred to her degree as "Ecological Biology".

 

For at least thirty years, Hazel Schmoll was the oldest person in Ward and her memories, diaries, and papers, as well as historic newspapers,  provide the basis for much of what we know of the history of early Ward.  She described many of the historic lodges built for early tourism in the Indian Peaks, including Stapps Lake Lodge, Duck Lake cabins,  Lodge of the Pines, Caribou Ranch, and Hazel’s own Range View Ranch, all of  which are now privately owned and inaccessible to the public.

 

 Ward church built 1898, Hazel 8 years old

 

Early Family History

 

Hazel Schmoll moved to Ward in 1890 when she was 2 years old.  Her Uncle Bert Fairhurst was a miner from an old Colorado family that had come to Blackhawk before Colorado became a territory 1860.  Hazel’s mother’s sister, Emma, came to Caribou where she met and married Bert Fairhurst .  Emma was the first of Hazel’s mother’s family to come west.  Emma and Bert Fairhurst lived in Caribou where Bert was mining.  Emma persuaded Hazel’s parents, Amelia and William Schmoll, who were living in a homesteaded sod shanty in Western Kansas to come to Caribou.  

 

 

 

 Hazel's Aunt Emma Fairhurst

 

 

In 1892, Emma and Bert Fairhurst and Hazel and her parents moved to Ward.  Emma Fairhurst eventually opened the famous Columbia Hotel in Ward (now a private residence), and William Schmoll opened a livery and purveyor’s business, eventually owning sixteen horses used to transport goods and tourists to and from Ward. 

 

 

Hazel remembered riding with her father in the buggy taking tourists to stay at the cabins at Stapps Lake. Over the years, Will Schmoll ended up owning considerable property in the Ward area which Hazel inherited when her parents passed away.  Hazel’s parents were active in town politics, serving on the town council, board of education, and as mayor.

 

Columbia Hotel, Pastel Painting by Carol Jenkins

 

Childhood in Ward

 

Hazel lived what she described as an "ideal childhood", riding her horse with her small cocker spaniel throughout the mountains.  She remembered Ward when the train chugged in on the Switzerland Trail (1990 – 1919)  bringing tourists and coal to the mines, and she remembered when whistles from up to 52 operating mines blew morning and night. 

 

 

Hazel said the children would scour the “mine dumps” for rich specimens from the ore that had been sorted and sell them at the depot to the tourists.

 

 

 

 Ward before the fire of 1900

 

 

 

Ward had two churches, a school, several hotels, an opera house, boarding houses, restaurants, a bakery, newspaper, shops and many saloons.  Population estimates of Ward prior to 1890 range from 1000 to 5,000 people. 

 Columbia Mine at Ward, J.B. Sturdevant

 

 

 

 The Ward Fire of 1900 changed that.  Before and after pictures confirm that most of the business area of the town burned down.  Locals saved the Ward School (now the Post Office and Town Hall) and the Ward Congregational Church.

 

 

 

Ward School before last addition 

 

 

 Hazel attended the Ward School, built in 1886, through the 8^th grade.  Long before Boulder had college graduates as school teachers, Ward’s school was taught by Professor Robbins, a graduate of the University of Colorado.  Hazel often remarked about being fortunate to have been taught by Professor Robbins, comparing her 8^th grade education to a four-year high school education in other places. 

 

 

After the devastating Ward fire of 1900 when Hazel's family “lost everything” including their home and livery stable (the horses survived), the Schmolls lived on Utica Street  with John Rice who came west in 1885 and owned the Colorado Mine near the B&M Mine.  After the fire the people of Boulder sent food to Ward on the train – “a free blessing,”  according to Hazel.

 

Ward fire destroys Schmoll home and livery

 

 

Many people left Ward after the fire, and the population never recovered.  Hazel’s father rebuilt his livery business. Hazel’s mother strongly valued education and the family bought property in Boulder so Hazel, who had finished the 8^th grade, could attend the Prepatory School there.  Hazel kept her horse in Boulder during that time. 

 

Ward always billed itself as a tourist destination – gateway to the glaciers of what was first called The Snowy Range and later changed to The Indian Peaks. 

 

Hazel spent her childhood riding her horse, exploring the landscape, and learning from anyone who could scientifically identify local plants and trees. She loved to ride down to James Creek with her dog, eat her lunch, and sit by the water. 

 Jim Creek, painting by Anne Gillis

 

 

Hazel described seeing the most beautiful sunset she ever saw while traveling in a buggy with her mother, back from taking the mail from Ward to Allenspark.  It was on the ridge near Lodge of the Pines (currently the Gates Camp, Boy’s and Girl’s Club of Denver) near Tahosa Road.

 

 

 

Old Quigleyville Road near Lodge of the Pines

 

 

After Hazel graduated from high school in Boulder, her father purchased a house on Boston Street in Ward that was originally a log house built in 1885, and one of the few houses that escaped the 1900 fire.  Over the years, he added to the original house, and well into her 90s, Hazel lived in that house and tended plants in the front sun room just as her mother had.

 

 Boston Street from Utica Street, showing small cabin in center (current site of newer Molfese house)and Crimmins cabin, center right, J.B. Sturdevant

 

 

Hazel left Colorado to teach and study

 

Hazel graduated from the University of Colorado in Boulder with a degree in Botany.  At the same time her Aunt Emma Fairhurst on a trip to New York discovered that Vassar College was searching for a  Botany instructor.  When Hazel heard of the opening, she applied, was accepted, and spent the next four years (1913 – 1917) working and teaching at Vassar, where she came in contact with famous poets, writers, artists, etc. 

 

Hazel also attended a summer “bug” program of the University of Michigan on Lake Michigan at Bayview, near Petosky, Michigan.  After four years at Vassar, Hazel returned to Ward for two years. 

 

Hazel Schmoll, Ph.D, Botany 

 

She entered the masters program at the University of Chicago in 1920, arranged field trips to the Indian Peaks for her professors and fellow students, and emerged as the first female Ph.D in what she called "ecological botany", study combining geology and botany in 1930.

 

Hazel kept extensive notebooks which she donated to the Boulder Historical Society.  She said her Uncle Fairhurst, who graduated from the University of Michigan, always kept a diary in his hip pocket, so she too wrote extensively in her notebooks.

 

In Chicago, Hazel met Margaret Whyte Hill Boswell, a young woman working at the University.  Hazel invited Margaret to visit Colorado in the summer.  Margaret came, stayed two weeks with Hazel’s family, fell in love with the mountains, returned with her parents the following year, and met her future husband in Ward. 

 

Although Margaret settled in Boulder to raise her family, she and her husband bought a tiny “summer” log cabin in the center of Ward and returned each summer.   In 2006 that cabin remains in the Boswell family.

 

Will Schmoll purchases Range View Ranch

 

Between 1900 and 1922, Hazel’s father Will Schmoll purchased land seven miles north of Ward on the Overland Road to Jamestown from the Austin family.  Hazel recalls that when Mr. Austin passed away, Mrs. Austin wanted  Will Schmoll to have the Austin Ranch, a ranch described as very old at that time.  Hazel remembered that after Mr. Austin passed, Mrs. Austin who always wore a white apron, walked seven miles to Ward to “make sure it was father who bought that ranch.” 

 

 

When Hazel returned from Chicago in 1930, she spent time at that ranch and eventually developed Range View Ranch into first a camp for children, and later a summer guest ranch, guiding visitors to high mountains lakes in the Indian Peaks near Ward. 

 

 

 Dr. Schmoll returns from Chicago and is named State Botanist

 

Hazel was named botanist and museum curator for the State of Colorado in 1930. She catalogued and mounted a display of 10,000 species of native plants. 

 Hazel Schmoll at lab table 1930's

 

 

As a member of the Board of Directors of the Colorado Mountain Club, Hazel personally lobbied the state legislature and is regarded as the driving force behind legislation establishing the lavender Columbine as the Colorado State Flower, and providing fines for destroying and/or picking the flower.  

 

Lavender Columbine, Colorado State Flower

 

When Hazel died in 1990, much of her property was donated for conservation.  Range View Ranch was given to the Christian Science Church.  Today it is called Glacier View Ranch and serves as a Christian Retreat and Conference Center.

 Dr. Hazel Schmoll has been named a "Woman of Consequence" by the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame and is listed in "Women of Boulder County", Women of the West Museum.

 

 

to be continued

 

 

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_______ R. P. Wilkes. (1943) Altering the calcium-phosphorus ratio for

fattening steers. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State College of

Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1943.Bibliography: leaves 55-57. Record

imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Feeds.

Cattle.

254.

_______ C. C. Williams. (1909). Pressure of grain in bins. ii, 61 leaves.

(Clement Clarence)ill. ; 28 cm.Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis ([B.S.])--

University of Colorado, 1909.by Clement Clarence Williams.

255.

_______ H. R. Willis. (1934) A study of the genitalia of common light trap

moths. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College,

1934.Bibliography: leaf 56. Record imported from Colorado State University

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catalog, 2005.

Moths.

256.

_______ E. P. Winter. (1943) An analysis of egg marketing in eastern

Colorado with special emphasis on the local market. Typescript

(photocopy)Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic

Arts, 1944.Bibliography: leaves 111-117. Record imported from Colorado State

University catalog, 2005.

Eggs -- Marketing.

257.

_______ C. E. Wolcott. (1931). A study of some foothill plants grown in the

greenhouse. 52, [2] leaves. folded charts ; 28 cm.Includes bibliographical

references (leaves [53-54])./ Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.A.)--University

of Colorado, 1931.by Cleophile Evelyn Wolcott.

258.

_______ W. C. Yeager. (1929). A study of the sugar beet. 81 leaves. ill., map,

photos. ; 28 cm.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77) and index./

Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.A.)--University of Colorado, 1929.by Wilbur

Charles Yeager.

259.

_______ W. P. Yetter, Jr. (1927) Growth of apples in relation to codling moth

control. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College,

1927.Bibliography: leaf 28. Record imported from Colorado State University

catalog, 2005.

Apples.

Codling moth.

260.

_______ D. V. Zander. (1945) The effects of early thyroid removal and the

feeding of desiccated thyroid and thyroactive proteins on the growing

chick. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College,

l945.Bibliography: leaves 131-136. Record imported from Colorado State

University catalog, 2005.

Poultry.

Thyroid gland.

Thyroid gland -- Surgery.

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State University catalog, 2005.

Agriculture -- Economic aspects.

Agricultural credit -- Colorado.

204.

_______ B. D. Seeley. (1928) Taxes as they affect the rural taxpayer.

Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College, 1928. Record

imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Agriculture -- Economic aspects.

Taxation -- Colorado -- Larimer County.

205.

_______ P. H. Shaddle. (1939). An ecological study of the vegetation of the

Black Forest of Colorado. 29 leaves. map, photos ; 28 cm.Includes

bibliographical references (leaf 29)./ Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.S.)--

University of Colorado, 1939.by Paul Hobart Shaddle.

206.

_______ H. L. Shantz. (1906). A study of the vegetation of the Mesa region

east of Pike's Peak. The Bouteloua formation. Chicago: University of Chicago

Press. p. 16-47, 179-207. (Homer LeRoy)ill. ; 24 cm.I. Structure of the formation -

- II. Development of the formation.Cover title./ Running title: Vegetation of the

Mesa./ "Reprinted from The Botanical Gazette, 42, July and October, 1906."/

Dissertation: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska, 1905.by Homer LeRoy

Shantz.

Plant communities -- Colorado -- Mesa.

Bouteloua -- Colorado -- Mesa.

207.

_______ E. H. Sheppard. (1932) Notes on cryptolestes ferrugineus steph.; a

cucujid occurring in the trichogramma minutum parasite, laboratory of the

Colorado agricultural college. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State

Agricultural College, 1932.Bibliography: leaves 38-39. Record imported from

Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Beetles.

Cryptolestes ferrugineus Steph.

Cucujids.

208.

_______ P. F. Shope. (1931). The Polyporaceae of Colorado. Saint Louis:

Washington University. cover title. p. 287-456. pl. 16-39, diagr. 25 cm. At head of

title: Washington university doctoral dissertations./ "Reprinted from Annals of the

Missouri botanical garden. September, 1931, vol. XVIII, no. 3."/ Dissertation:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington University, St. Louis, 1931.by Paul Franklin Shope

...

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Polyporaceae.

Fungi -- Colorado.

209.

_______ E. C. Simkins. (1931). The alpine flora of Mt. Niwot, Colorado. 68

leaves. folded charts, photos ; 28 cm.Includes bibliographical references (leaf

68)./ Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.A.)--University of Colorado, 1931.by

Emma Coburn Simkins.

210.

_______ H. G. Smith. (1929). Variation in Colorado specimens of the fish

Notropis cornutus. 37 leaves ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references

(leaves 36-37)./ Typescript./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.A.)--University of Colorado,

1929.by Harry Gordon Smith.

211.

_______ H. S. Smith. (1940). The inheritance of seed color in the cross

Hordeum intermedium cornutum x Hordeum distichen nudum. 25 leaves ;

28 cm. Includes bibliographical references./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.S.)--

Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1940./ Reproduction:

Microfilm./ [Denver :/ Dakota Microfilm Service,/ 1962]./ 1 microfilm reel :

negative.submitted by Horace S. Smith.

Barley -- Genetics.

Plant genetics.

212.

_______ H. H. Smith. (1926) Fattening lambs in the cornfield under

Colorado conditions. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural

College, 1926.Bibliography: leaf 53. Record imported from Colorado State

University catalog, 2005.

Sheep.

213.

_______ E. C. Smith. (1927) The germination of slime moulds.

Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College, 1927.Bibliography:

leaves 62-66. Record imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Germination.

Myxomycetes.

214.

_______ L. E. Smith. (1932) Garden bean investigations. Typescript.Thesis

(M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College, 1932.Bibliography: leaves 113-114.

Record imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Beans.

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215.

_______ H. S. Smith. (1940) The inheritance of seed color in the cross

Hordeum intermedium cornutum x Hordeum distichen nudum : abstract of

thesis. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State College of Agriculture and

Mechanic Arts, 1940. Record imported from Colorado State University catalog,

2005.

Barley -- Genetics.

Plant genetics.

216.

_______ H. S. Smith. (1940) The inheritance of seed color in the cross

Hordeum intermedium cornutum x Hordeum distichen nudum [microform] /

submitted by Horace S. Smith. Colorado State University. Thesis ; 1940.

Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,

1940.Includes bibliographical references.Microfilm. [Denver : Dakota Microfilm

Service, 1962]. 1 reel ; negative. Record imported from Colorado State University

catalog, 2005.

Barley -- Genetics.

Plant genetics.

217.

_______ R. Snodgrass. (1937) Effects of different systems of grazing on

cattle gains. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State College of Agriculture

and Mechanic Arts, 1937.Bibliography: leaves 91-93. Record imported from

Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Grazing.

Pastures.

218.

_______ W. C. Sparks. (1943). The effect of certain elements on the skin

characteristics and yield of the red McClure potato. 49, [5] leaves ; 28 cm.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-49)./ Dissertation: Thesis (M.S.)--

Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1943.by Walter C.

Sparks.

Potatoes -- Breeding.

Growth (Plants)

Plant growth promoting substances.

Plant growth inhibiting substances.

219.

_______ H. E. Spence. (1937) A study of cattle ranch organization and

management in Larimer county, Colorado. Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado

State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1937.Bibliography: leaves 71-72.

Record imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Ranches -- Colorado -- Larimer County.

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220.

_______ O. E. Sperry. (1936). A study of the growth, transpiration, and

distribution of the conifers of the Rocky mountain national park. Lincoln:

Neb. p. 75-103. illus., diagrs. 25 cm. Cover title./ "Contributions from the

Department of botany, University of Nebraska, n.s. no. 97."/ "Separately printed

... from Bulletin of the Torrey botanical club 63 ... February, 1936."/ "Literature

cited": p. 103./ Dissertation: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska, 1934.by

Omer E. Sperry.

Conifers.

Trees -- Colorado -- Rocky Mountain National Park.

Growth (Plants)

Plants -- Transpiration.

221.

_______ E. J. Starkey. (1930) Effects of ultra-violet light on various fungi.

Typescript.Thesis (M.S.)--Colorado State Agricultural College, 1930.Bibliography:

leaves 72-73. Record imported from Colorado State University catalog, 2005.

Fungi.

Light -- Physiological effect.

Plants -- Effect of light on.

222.

_______ J. C. Stauffer. (1926). The nitrogen compounds of Colorado shale

oil. New York City: 61, [3] p. diagrs. 23 cm. Vita./ "Insecticidal properties of the

nitrogen bases of shale oil": p. 42-61./ Bibliography: [2] p. at end./ Dissertation:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1926.By John C. Stauffer, B.S.